Location of the Ryukyu States (Wikipedia)
under the old order in the Hua Yi in Okinawa was a separate country in 1879 was annexed by Japan, has been a full hundred and thirty years. Subsequently, the Ryukyu occurred in all aspects of society tremendous changes. Although a period of time after the fall of Okinawa has emerged a tragic Zionism, but has already changed its name to . hundred and thirty years to the Ryukyu (Okinawa) of social change, how to bring what are the implications of human history? just like father and son of the former and the Ryukyu Islands and the Chinese people in China can bring to the reflection?
all had from Speaking of Okinawa perished the day.
hundred and thirty years ago today, that is, March 25, 1879, this is an extraordinary day, four and a half centuries since the founding of the Ryukyus, and ushered in the first uninvited guest, and this could like a 六 2009, as in the survival of the crisis relating to continuation of the Kingdom of Ryukyu lifeblood of the country, including the Ryukyu Islands, including Okinawa National Wang Shangtai senior government seems to have a pretty good idea.
day by the order of the Meiji government, who is also on the 17th, Matsuda and his party to force stormed the palace Okinawa Shuri Castle, and enter the main hall, read the Japanese Government Reform issued a series of circulars including the abolition of the high-level representatives of Okinawa were a petition of protest, and quickly collected the fifty-three, including senior Nobles joint. The next day, the protest petition submitted by three of the Officials regard to Matsuda. The contents include the Meiji government to protest violations of one thousand eight hundred seventy-two does not change the state system of Okinawa's commitment, the Meiji government to withdraw its order request to maintain the continuation of the Ryukyu country.
However, Okinawa's protests and requests failed. on the 29th, forced to move out of the palace and other royal family members, moved to temporary accommodation in the City Hall of the Prince Imperial. Matsuda has begun the disintegration of the Ryukyu States operations, including receiving the Ryukyu all government and diplomatic instruments.
Since then, the founding of the one thousand four hundred twenty-nine State of the Ryukyu, after a whole four hundred and fifty years later, was finally destroyed.
had refused to plead illness and temporarily moved to Tokyo, the Prince is still the last country Wangshang Tai and Dian, and ultimately still have to board ships bound for Tokyo, Matsuda and his party left Okinawa to follow. is still king in 1901 in Tokyo residence in the death of Iidabashi.
Okinawa last country Wangshang Tai (1843-1901.Wikipedia)
Okinawa perished, the number of the elite fought in Okinawa launched a magnificent Zionist movement against the Japanese annexation of this wave motion and ruled nearly a quarter century period, including to China for help, assistance to foreign ambassadors in Tokyo, Okinawa officials originally refused his new post, the former senior officials of the Inter- against the annexation of the joint, strike, strike, penetrate all over the because China did not send troops to Okinawa, and China itself in 1895 ended in Japan in the Sino lost.
1895 Sino after the Okinawans began to explore the future direction, including a positive attitude to participate in the construction of a new society in Okinawa and Japan as well as the integration process.
However, the 1945 defeat in World War II Japan, Okinawa by the U.S. occupation and continued for over twenty years of rule, during the Okinawa society has launched a vigorous The author in 2007 with a survey conducted by University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa reflect Qicheng hundred and thirty years ago, people on the Japanese annexation of Okinawa as part of Japan's Ryukyu leaving affirmed.
the passage of time, and now Most of the Okinawan people have hundred and thirty years ago, not sure exactly what happened. and those for the complex Ryukyu patriots running the country and the deeds of more is not known. This is a reflection of a society's collective Memory and Identity Construction of the new relationship: remember right now the direction of the community to pursue , forgotten of course, include a protest against Japan's annexation of the year, and no hope of recovery and martyred by the Ryukyu Chester Lin Shi Gong's name, deeds, and left tear-jerking tragic poem.
whole obsession with a few people since ancient times Chunghsiao homelessness Utah has been one death and five years of post-Dependent brother kept boat Diocese Yin
personally identify illegal twenty years Dinh universe half a sinner old 涙 double white hairdresser recalled children is more stressful for another tragic news
(Lin Shi Qing Gong Beijing to run for help, after fail because of recovery, at 20 November 1880 from the edge of martyred and was buried in Datong)
to China for help of the Zionist elite Ryukyu (1896. Naha city government provides)
View all Okinawa National Marxist discourse, can be found: almost all argument does not mention the existence of the kingdom for five hundred years of history. more than that in Okinawa in the past it has experiences, but also a fight for the rights of Okinawa today, or with the central government fight the bargaining table. For example, the 1996 U.S. military bases around Okinawa triggered a series of violent clashes with the Central, the Okinawa Prefecture Governor Masahide Ota refused to sign the extension of the the right to use U.S. military bases in the statement of the proceedings, to spend the first part of the nearly fifty pages long, detailed statement of the former only appeared with U.S. military bases after the war there is no coherent, Daejeon governor's no clear purpose or struggle object, generally different from the people of Okinawa to the Japanese mainland that some five hundred years of history and culture of the Kingdom is still talked about. This is the history of Okinawa from the simple general statement of touch, a lot of tourist information such as data also can be proved. worth noting, is said in these presentation materials and positioning of the relevant Ryukyu Kingdom. is a saying popular in recent years, has almost become a given, said that Satsuma since 2069 after the invasion, the Ryukyu Islands to the loss of an independent status. over their own country and unique culture, to express the identity of Okinawa. However, such a Ryukyu What is the relationship of Japan and it?
history of the State visit Okinawa, although during experienced ups and downs, but the entire historical context is relatively clear. Ryukyu founding in 1429 until 1879 as annexed by Japan until the Meiji, the Kingdom to maintain a total of four hundred and fifty years. Ryukyu Kingdom, has been incorporated into the very beginning, Even in the Ming and Qing periods alternating with Hongwu years (1372), relations with them were in Okinawa as long as five hundred years, during which China rarely directly involved in the internal affairs of the Ryukyus. However, the Kingdom of Ryukyu, and the early nation-building operation is closely related with the Ming Dynasty. For example, the Cheng Fu, Wang Mao, Yin Xi Ye, Huai and other personnel from the Ming Dynasty, to be reused, they are among the national phase as well as multi-regent, the most pleasing of the auxiliary machine Zhongshan King Huai. Huai Magical Art of War Machine in addition to direct Okinawa is still the bus to promote unity, but also led the first palace in the city and the Naha port construction, and opened trade relations with Southeast Asia. However, what pregnant machine how to come to Okinawa, has yet to be said that the more powerful said, is to accept the dispatch of the Ming emperor, came to assist the founding of Okinawa. Ming Dynasty and the close relationship between Okinawa, but also between the beginning of the dispatch of the official start on Okinawa Health [7] to the Imperial College school, and given the Ryukyu Six surname troops invaded in 2069, Okinawa and has since forced to concede defeat to the Japanese secretly, on a regular basis to pay heavy taxes. After two hundred and seventy years, Okinawa suffered Satsuma press and political control of the economy [9], however, and Satsuma the relationship between Okinawa and not made public, making the state system to renew the Ryukyus, and the relationship between Okinawa of them were also maintained. So on the one hand China Zheng Shuo Feng, content with the succumbed to Japan, to accept some degree of control of the households Prior to the Ryukyu tributary to China has not fully independent kingdom, is only the intervention of Satsuma, and further weakened the Ryukyu's independence. However, Okinawa has some autonomy as a power status also entered the modern period Some European countries have been recognized. This may be transformed into a modern sovereign status of the country, from the 1854 Okinawa and the U.S. sign the in 1859 and the Netherlands sign the the status of the Kingdom of the times, indeed, should be regarded as ? have on how the national consciousness? Okinawa and also how to understand the relationship between China and Japan do?
[1] Indeed, the community's own approach to national identity and recognition, will affect the sense of belonging is to stabilize, or confusion.
[2] See Okinawa Prefecture, ed Okinawa: History の suffering - whether the action agency to prepare a signed written refusal yo ri (Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1996), pp 1 ~ 50.
[3] proposed twelfth century, during which known as According to Okinawa historian Kora Kurayoshi is said, is to set up their own king of system legitimacy, and access to the then trade the right to participate. see Kora Kurayoshi, Ryukyu Kingdom の structure (Tokyo: Hiroyuki Yoshikawa Wen, 1987), page 13 16.
[6] Park Jun-Chao series, colleges and universities Okinawa? Okinawa history, new? Increase or fill Edition (Naha: Planning Workshop Japan, 2001), p. 36.
[7] of students from government . more was sent to Beijing Imperial College education, learning and living expenses provided by China. Under the system, from 1392 to 1869 period, the Ryukyu Islands were sent twenty-four one hundred twenty-six Officer of Health . In addition, there are private costs to study the , page 39 ~ 40.
[8] people thirty-six name, between the illegal い だ ら け の Okinawa History - Yin の Kingdom (Naha: Ryukyu new newspaper, 1992), p. 223 ~ 258; field name of truth, 159 ~ 180.
[9] Satsuma invasion of Okinawa in 2069 after the establishment in Naha After 2024, The , sense of identity is one of the basic conditions for production must have with him the experience of those contacts and exchanges. From the point of view, the Ryukyu Islands in the five hundred years of history, from beginning to end has been in the higher frequency of external contacts and exchange state, and therefore part of the elite in the Ryukyu dynasty, there is some degree of many of them were long-term exchange relations, Korea, and Southeast Asia in the past and the frequent trade, coupled with the mid-nineteenth century mentioned above Ryukyu contact and collision with the Western powers the experience will help in some of the Ryukyu Jing between Britain and budding sense of belonging to a certain extent. The following attempts to several documents and data, spy out the clues.
nations Jinliang Bell (Okinawa Prefectural Museum)
Okinawa Prefectural Museum, is still preserved 1458 by its long time of the order of the country Wangshang Tai cast a bell, known as the States are the South China Sea resorts and Chung Samhan of the show, the Ming dynasty, supplemented by car, to date domain lips and teeth, in the middle of emission of Penglai Nakajima also to Vessels for the nations of the Jin Liang, different production treasure filled with ten brake hh In addition to highlighting the thriving due to the Ryukyu trade and with pride, but also more clearly depicts the relationship between Okinawa and the surrounding, including relations with China with a to describe, shows the close relationship between the two inseparable.
heyday of Foreign Trade and the road map Ryukyu (Japanese)
However, in addition to ) view of the inscription on the bell, and not clearly expressed in it. On the other hand, the Ryukyu long-circulating a traditional folk saying: Okinawa under its shelter, such as the horseshoe of Japan, Okinawa, by its violation, and Okinawa himself as small as needles. which reveals the perception of Japan's likes and dislikes, when understood as Okinawa is on the relations with China were given a positive evaluation , and the evaluation of relations with Japan is more negative.
addition, from Okinawa in the late two information can be confirmed this view of China and Japan view.
look at the relations with China. Japan into the soon after the Meiji period to start deploying the annexation of the Ryukyu plan. 1875 the Japanese sent a large Cheng Matsuda House Road to Okinawa, asked the first closure in tribute to sever relations with China, it was presided over three of the Officials of State [1 ] and so to the Ryukyu Relations is a specific statements. Ryukyu was rejected Japan's request though, but also the advent of deep crisis in the Kingdom, the Secretary then sent three officials to Tokyo to start petitions, etc., in addition to petitions to the Japanese Meiji government, but at that time diplomats to countries in Tokyo for help, to help persuade. October 11, 1878 as revealed the Ryukyu and China, , the request to withdraw the Japanese Ryukyu sever the relationship requirement also spent nearly half of the length, and strongly half of the fourteenth century the Ryukyu dynasty founding of the reason to be, thanks to shelter and aid to China. its content can be divided into two parts, one related to the establishment and maintenance of the Kingdom, and the other involving Okinawa operation of society and culture. The former emphasizes the founding of the Ryukyu tributary dependent relationship with China, which in addition to Okinawa, said Ryukyu Ryukyu king of vassal relations with the crown seal is printed on the gift of the Emperor of China (Naha City Museum)
the other hand, submitted to the Qing government of the Ryukyu petition are all expressed more loyalty to China, For example, December 3, 1883 before the tribute was made by the light to the text of the petition presented to the Board of Rites, forever loyal to clearly stated China's determination: The revered by Sheng Zhao discuss urgent given day, of recovery re- Jun, China and the DPRK of the vassal always remain tribute repair job to keep a border community Feng cases. is to state the main, lower, and subjects, recalling million years, were both wearing infinite royal constitution DS [5].
in stressed that China Yan high thick with Ministry of Home Affairs, in Tokyo. and before the relationship between Okinawa and the Satsuma clan, then described as unequal relationship between persons.
by the Ryukyu culture of China and Japan, so in addition to the existence among the elite gentry Okinawa numerous reverence by the Chinese culture, Japanese culture is also no shortage of admirers. Ryukyu Kingdom of the Officials of the late bit to the time-honored three (Ginowan on the pro side towards the security 1823-1876) is known at Okinawa and the song poet, and the preparation of the br> However, even seen as pro-Japanese faction to the exercise and its identity has not come back to Japan. Emperor Meiji's reign, Okinawa in 1872 to celebrate the group sent to Tokyo. The delegation is made by a still healthy (Ie Prince) and Fushi, led to the exercise and [6], because of its failure to detect when the Japanese annexation of Okinawa have been deployed, so the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs of State Hill met with Vice-island species, the Ryukyu and his party actually has the Japanese side demanded the return of sixteen nine years after the Satsuma invasion of the Ryukyu Islands usurp the Big Island (Amami Islands) [], that the islands after a lapse of two hundred and sixty seven years old by Satsuma on Okinawa by the elite of the country still bear a grudge killing. in the sense of identity is revealed on the two messages, one clearly distinguishes between the Therefore, the elite can be interpreted as the Ryukyu Islands has been very strong there, side at the same time as the Ryukyu Islands for their country, and its have a degree of identity. It is worth noting that in future formal entry into the modern Ryukyu process, if the opportunity that North Korea and other Chinese Outlying Prefectures, Annan (now the Vietnam), etc., transformed into a modern sovereign state, then the , Okinawa's fortunes is not moving in the direction of this evolution. In the process into the modern, the East Asian pattern of historical change, Okinawa, which culminated in 1879 annexed by Japan, and easy for the Japanese Three of the Officials for the overall control of the Ryukyu Kingdom's most senior political official.
[2] Hi She field toward the Yin, Walk Okinawa (Tokyo: Zhi Yan Press, 1977), p. 39.
[3] to Mao Feng The Ryukyu called .
[4] Matsuda Road Code, Ryukyu action, Volume 2 (the man who compiled the village 冨, Information Series No. 4 of the Meiji culture 巻 diplomatic papers) (Tokyo: Kazama study, 1962), p. 179.
[5] See Wang Yanwei (Tao Fu), Wang Liang series, Qing Foreign Historical (courtesy of the Department of Foreign Historical Compilation printed edition), 巻 thirty-seven (1932 ~ 1933 Annual Report; Nanjing: Bibliography Academic Press, 1987) , pages 674 ~ 675; West hi-line code, Okinawa Salvation petition integration, Okinawa research data 13 (Tokyo: Hosei University, Okinawa Institute of Culture, 1992). In addition, the former in modern China and the Ryukyu Islands were from the relationship, both non-modern context the relationship between central and local, but also the relationship between the non-sovereign state, it can identify coordinates with the modern interpretation of its allegiance to China when the Ryukyu Islands and the centripetal force, remains to be further studied.
[ ,],[range, but it returned earlier in 1953 to Japan.
[8] Hi She field toward the Yin, cit, p. 9.
[9] Ryukyu elite were on the land dedication, in the refined by the hair length (the first country by pro-Sheng cloud, the last tribute to the Ryukyu), who in a September 18, 2088 Prince Kung to submit their petition to show it clearly: (referring to the island of Okinawa Island, rump, in the head, country head), but dozens of miles east to west at the north to south and less than four hundred years, outside thirty-six Island, including eight in the former Ming Dynasty Island industry accounted for by Japanese, now Thirty-eight of the island hh ~ 1881], the former Fuzhou Ryukyu collection, manuscripts now Onna Okinawa Prefectural Library East Library Collections); or see West hi-line, op (1992), p. 71 ~ 72.
socially how to generate the universal sense of identity? In this issue, including from the post-war ethnic consciousness and nationalism theory, including many pioneer, when can be roughly classified into two categories. First, the is the It highlighted the common ethnic origin, cultural ties and historical memory and other factors, while actively looking at the history of the origins of nationalism [1]. The to form a common sense of belonging to society, nationalism can only be the product of modern society.
I basically stood in the , national education, mass media, cases, and even national identity, national or ethnic identity WAN such a universal sense of belonging to society are less likely to gather. However, I also think that, even pre-modern society, in a a small part of the opportunity to participate in affairs of state with the can be regarded as cases of this view. Meanwhile, I also support the Smith, the [3 or , Okinawa in the whole society to the state or national sense of identity for the allegiance of the former Kingdom of the modern period is clearly not possible. In other words, the political elite in between some of the from the the process of moving into the modern huge impact experienced, resulting in a lot of the people of Okinawa are still in question: All ethnic groups in the transition to a modern state to create or process, have experienced varying degrees of impact. However, the Ryukyu people in the nation and national identity, the plight of the construction on, obviously not with China or Japan, or even the same day North Korea and Vietnam and language. this difference to a large extent, depends on the countries of East Asia in the first modern location and the modern environmental changes encountered before.
East Asian traditional world system
Thursday, February 24, 2011
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Dean of the embarrassment of cultural relics
Heritage dean's embarrassment
dedicated to Chu Li Wang. Li Wang command Yujiang identification. Yujiang saw said: ; wait Li Wang died, King Wu came to the throne, Bian, and again the stone dedicated to King Wu. King Wu letting Yujiang identification, Yu Jiang said: He, also ordered the amputation of his right foot; Later, King Wu died, King Wen came to the throne. So, Bian, and then holding the stone, even in the Chu foot next three days and nights crying, tears shed, the blood cried out. King Wen, after hearing this, sent to go check, asked him: I am not sad for the loss of his legs, but sad as was the gem stone, the faithful people in as a liar, this is the reason I'm sad ah! , and she received a priceless piece of jade, then named ancient, its reasoning is not difficult to understand their feelings, but to someone tell you: this thing is still frequently occur in humans began to walk the moon today, would you believe me?
2006 4 early morning, ground Beijing North Third Ring Road at the Great Bell Temple relics market bustling as usual, crowded. A white-haired old man on crutches in a young man, accompanied by the slow pace to browse the rows of a wide variety of stall.
old man went to a booth selling bronze stop pace, pointing with his stick on a bronze sword to spread. stall carefully picked up on the ground that the production of fine bronze sword, his hands respectfully delivery to the old man. It seems old man is also a frequent visitor here, the vendors of his movements are able to understand.
buyers generally see things like Seven Questions asked eight vendors to the mouth of condoms by asking the wind, from which to further judge The authenticity of the goods and the price level. But this little old man had never asked, took bronze sword in his hand a weigh weigh, and then the sword carefully looked for a few minutes mm over 50 cm long, dark brown, full of carved blade dark diamond pattern, showing a little green rust, the last eight gold inscriptions legible wrong: Sword of the Yue unearthed, the famous scholar, when he was president of the Chinese Academy of cracked Mr. Guo Moruo post.
inner excited old man though, but still voice asked quietly: come? said the words, The dollar bought in 1800 that the bronze sword.
home, the old man and a careful study on this sword was found at the bottom side of the sword inlaid with lapis lazuli, turquoise trimmed with the other side, the hilt Also engraved on the 12 concentric circles. He took a few newspapers Diego into several layers, and then showed the blade lightly program, a wad of paper being cut uniform, revealing neat incision. old man proudly on family said: full buy.
Yue Jian, the relics of the Warring States period. According to Evil, pure Jun, Zhanlu, guts, Juque .1965 year, had Jingzhou (Jiangling old) from Lookout Mountain of One unearthed a handful of the Warring States Chu for the first time. At that time the archaeological report: sword 55.7 cm long, width 4.6 cm, hilt wrapped in rope, sword embedded grid pattern of blue glass on both sides, the blade covered with diamond Obscure, edge thin and sharp, fine, gorgeous styling. above the inscription, Gou) from the role of Jian (sword) .
Two days later, Beijing, starting a tabloid in the cultural sector can be regarded as Yue sword. The old man, took only 1,800 dollars, bought back a priceless ; this text to use the sword Yue wrong payment process, unearthed in 1965 in Hubei, Hubei Provincial Museum is hidden in the sword that the text is not wrong Yue Jin, from this perspective that the value of the previous Yue a sword more! Kim called the wrong. Adjunct Professor of History Department of Nankai University and other duties, is recognized as the identification of contemporary Chinese art world is one of the top-level authority of the master. Some media even described Mr. Shi Lao: Big identification expert. a heritage to his hands, a look that will tell you, he was identified as a national treasure l David r! for himself three days later, he held a small home will appreciate, and publicly announced to sword donated to the National Museum. Then, the old man was admitted to the hospital due to illness.
people did not expect: History of the old hospital, the National Museum donated his David was returned to the news published by the media, the whole nation is in an uproar, to the light Xianghuo of both. former director of Hubei Provincial Museum, Conservation Technology Association of China vice chairman of Bank of China, Chen saw the sword in the picture , said: Seal Act inconsistent with the birds; hilt is very rough, diamond-shaped concentric circles with the sword body casting Obscure level is very low. Chen Bank of China that in recent years, both in Zhejiang and Hubei Jingzhou sword Goujian generic business, which sword is obviously false, it is estimated the market at least 500 or more now. including the current Provincial Museum curator Dr. Wang Hongxing, including, most heritage experts in Hubei Province in support of Mr Bank's view that the repurchase of Shuqing Shi Yue the sword is a fake.
this, the history of old always believe their own eyes, he said, his life has had several such experiences, some people bought cheap artifacts from the start is not promising for the experts, and even was rejected, but later time-tested, proven true. as he took the age of 15 cents bought two paintings authentic Feng Chia Chiu, and when I finished college to spend three to five dollars to buy the portrait of Genghis Khan, countries already donated, were the National Museum as a heritage collection. for Chen Bank of China, who did not see the sword of their own kind, only on a photo to determine the sword for the fake of argument, the history of the old is very angry He believes that every cultural worker, should hold the state and the nation responsible attitude, cherish the valuable heritage resources, every thing of value, not touched upon on the negative or positive, the conclusion to be scientific, to withstand the test of history. He also repeatedly told you that the sword of the casting, Qian Bao, wrong payment process, and identified it with the year they participate in Hubei that unearthed the Goujian sword, Zhejiang and Hubei Jingzhou imitation The sword Goujian repeated, mutatis mutandis, that can not be fake.
this matter, Ms. Shi Laode Miss Xia even have a grievances, she told reporters: countries, there is no profit-making ideas, so not worthwhile to fraud hh see an old woman selling the hands of jelly has a plate, took a look, is what the early Ming Dynasty, Guan ah, say to buy down, people want 5 dollars. They both get so much money not to scrape together the two one five, buy into an acquaintance at home continue to march, dedicated to take home after the end of the Forbidden City. It is smooth, there are many times people do not recognize the first not received, and later confessed collected, and finally became the national level cultural relics, is an example of Genghis Khan Yaopai started when someone sent Museum of History does not recognize, do not. then the history of old and let someone else to get it back, and now in the National Museum collection! The resolve to write a poem his depressed: Revenge of King Gou Jian the more wrong, the world of the rare, or someone thought it was fake goods, poetry to answer to. ratio, adding people to read a fraction of the total a bit sad. Whether this Ironically, that is a tragicomedy.
no one would have thought, the history of the old generation of this poem has now become the master of the must document the heritage for.
2007 年 11 月 7 am, Shuqing Shi old due to heart disease outbreak, permanently closed his pair was called dare to believe that it is well known, the history of Chinese art world is always the old generation, one of the few classes of highly educated, high experience, high contribution of the old one of the experts. his life Kam Po numerous, but never without possessing their own, bought artifacts donated to the state. Despite last donation before death failed, I believe that this life will not bear a grudge for the elderly Huodataiduo. Even so, read the old must document the history of poetry, the reporter or the heart can not help but sorrow and grief: if the sword is indeed the real thing, is not the state and the individual history of the old unfair? if the sword is fake, why not come up with some more scientific, more people can avoid the errors of human nature and identification to express the world what?
reporter noted: after the death of the elderly, there have been several museums and cultural sector counterparts on the The identification of well-known in his school's achievements not mentioned, the reporter on this quite a bit uneven, but also save a bit worried: had still unclear why the Kam people? people still unknown, why Kam matter?
dean of the contributions of a cultural way so difficult for ordinary people more difficult. The following artifacts to tell the story of the other donations, more people have mixed feelings.
who suffered a Xianbao
NING Chao, Australian Chinese, was born in Liaoning, grew up in Beijing. He was the 20th century, the former Soviet Union 60 years studying and learning of geological exploration, after graduation to catch up with the Cultural Revolution, was lost to Beijing to live instruction qualifications, thus living in Xinjiang region deep forests, where hiding, hunting, farming firewood read, and personally delivering their two children to the world, personally for the child survival remove a cow to have a Cesarean two sons. , NING Chao family moved to Australia, and obtain local citizenship, as overseas Chinese. (Fig. 64)
Today, NING heritage sector in China has become a super-celebrity, not because the legend of his own actions, but from him for almost two decades with the donation Po incident.
first saw NING Chao, Ping An Avenue, in the north of Beijing, a courtyard house is divided. courtyard is small but very clean, simple furnished house , in addition to the short opening set in the case of several long pieces of porcelain on a few, almost no something else. the owner was not tall, silver hair, although has over seventy years old, gray hair on the temples, but still hale and hearty, very talkative. Our subject of course, has created a hubbub in the cultural sector ancient ceramics, and accumulated a number of collections in the local claim to be a little known literary family. benevolent grandfather, a local temple several large donor.
presided over the temple to escape civil strife caused by foreign aggression hurried retreat, going home from the Temple, bearing in mind my grandfather over the years a large number of financial aid they will hidden in the temple for many years to two bottles of blue and white cloud dragons both hands like ears. That When China has no blue and white r l per the title, plus two bottles that are plainer and color, many people are taboo, fear of bad luck. But for the kind monks, grandfather can not refuse, in turn donated the monks of a pen travel expenses to return home, leaving the bottle, but did not put them home, but stay in the family shrine. Nevertheless, and both the blue and white bottle of the unique shape and decoration, or especially by my mother's favorite. When my mother married, because she's like, this big bottle of it as a dowry to accompany her was into my father's house.
they would only treat it as a general view of the Qing Dynasty blue and white porcelain, very smooth to run the exit procedures.
Yuan blue and white unprecedented reputation. my mother saw in the press, the British pair of Hob Johnson found with inscriptions like the Blue & White Vase Yunlong photos, to realize that their own possession of the 70 years that two young very valuable vase, it will discuss with me: Since it is a national treasure, can donate them to the National Palace Museum, also home to prove that our old Ning is patriotic. the whole family are in favor of the views of the old lady.
Ten years later, the old lady had the students would like to become a last wish, this object vase return from Australia to China, but so far still hold in my home, gave the Forbidden City, people do not! ? amplifier like this element of domestic and rare blue and white! people do not give reasons, only one declined to be expert in private that his name, said that two bottles of shape like ear-aliasing, blue and white Condition well hh the sensible, he wondering: this thing is true, can not just one or two people have the final say to you! So he tossing back and forth every few days, more widely identified aspects of the famous relics go home, so that they are close to the kind of views. home in Nanjing, the reporter saw a 50 archaeological and heritage of Chinese antiquities experts and scholars identified the signatures, the same as these two yuan blue and white vase given identified. in the signature experts, there are many aspects of the dean of cultural identification and the top level figures, such as: Deputy Director of National Heritage Commission to identify Shuqing Shi, Palace Museum, the famous ceramics appraiser Lee Ji Yan, Li Huibing and so on. (Fig. 65)
some say over NING a bad name is a good thing, really hard. Why? not why do people have outlaw, Ben procedures go, you want to grant a piece of land to play golf, even if illegal, the line ah, tomorrow for the grant on everything chant! you grant land to build kindergartens, homes for the elderly, I'm afraid to work with children's age until the last nursing home! course, this is a blind analogy with NING over it exists does not matter. We'd see the name What good ideas, but also Zeyang children toss.
traditional eye identification in order to find more reliable than solid evidence, NING over and bring his two bottles of blue and white elephant ears began his technology Identification of the trip. He went to the University of Wollongong, Australia Institute of Earth Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Modern Physics (Lee Laboratories), Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of nuclear analysis room, Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and other units, with their two bottles of blue and white elephant ears, a series of tests.
University of Wollongong, Australia, Institute of Earth Sciences, made of porcelain dating tests, the conclusion is: to determine which one is had made 800 years ago, and the other contains material not suitable because the TL tests without result; (Figure 66)
Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of test reports are objective data, a large tribute to : blue and white elephant ears Yunlong transparent glaze bottles of elemental calcium were significantly higher than the element potassium content, chemical composition consistent with the Yuan Dynasty blue and white transparent glaze; blue compound with trace elements arsenic, which, and the Yuan Dynasty blue and white usually imported cobalt porcelain, which is consistent with trace element arsenic; blue and white blue and white bottle, Yunlong elephant ears compound, the element manganese content was slightly lower than the content of elemental iron, blue and white compound may be using the imported and domestic mixture of the two cobalt (Blue and White did the late Yuan used a translation of element analysis of tire tests, the first conclusion is vague, after the lapse of 10 months, in line with their responsible attitude to science, through a series of meticulous experiments over again NING wrote that two conclusions bottle observations: Huaci to be high, but taking into account the experimental data reported in the literature too little, blue and white need to do further on the yuan more in-depth testing research. To this end, we and the Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute of Archaeology, Liu Yuan, who co-operation of Jingdezhen unearthed Yuan blue and white for a more systematic testing, the use of experimental methods and conditions the same as before, all samples were 32, are kiln porcelain pieces, including five of Ming Hongwu Qing flowers, to observe the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty and Ming porcelain process continuity. The results showed that a considerable number of samples, the AI2O3 content was similar to the above. copies of test reports are in this age of two bottles of elephant ears made more specific to add. In short: NING that two blue and white Super Yunlong is really like the Yuan Dynasty porcelain vase.
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of High Energy Physics, using non-destructive synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (SRXRF) on NING super collection of a pair of blue and white cloud dragons were tested as the vase, and with the Yuan Dynasty blue and white porcelain excavated from the site of chemical composition element contrast, the conclusion is: than the low zinc and iron. Then, he will notify the Palace experimental results, and in the or not, do not say why. NING Super heard only in privately told him: of porcelain of different laboratory tests are laboratory technicians, laboratory procedures are different, different instruments are selected, which may lead to a lot of errors, the result is not convincing. ; screw will say to respect science, which passed, you still do not admit it. It is not unreasonable to speak of it? too, fight it, NING quit altogether over all the work in Australia, in Beijing, bought a house stay , not to put on a pair of his blue and white elephant ears that two yuan to send bottles palace dogged posture.
heard this thing was privately wondering: What is the name rather than defective? element Ge Ming blue and white of the market price out there, a large blue and white Yuan jar to shoot two billion, which sold two large bottles for how much money you? even sell you a how have Chengsi generations! China's Yuan blue and white porcelain people want to get to sell abroad could not find the door, can not get out, you NING super booing, India from abroad to fight the fire to get back, people, White Lai to entanglement, which is sort of a kip singing opera? not fake!
no matter how people say, how to look, we have this head of black hair turned white hair, he almost became poor by the rich. He went to Britain, Turkey, and several more blue and white collection of the National Museum of dollars for physical inspection, visited the country all Yuanqing Flower of experts and scholars do have experience and use their existing expertise, ongoing testing and research a variety of data, and finally wrote the eloquent, millions of words long, weighing tens of kilograms of Yuan blue and white works and published, become the private collection of Yuan blue and white areas quite well known people. recently published , you can live another rich, comfortable life, to do so, Why? to the state. 300 pieces of porcelain, but also in abroad. unclear, said unknown thing, if you jump out of an existing role as the spectator think of, is choose to believe that the experts still believe the Forbidden City you do? hh but they are not gods, they go wrong! Palace bought the wrong artifacts, accept donations fake joke there? say, I am now beyond their differences with the matter itself is meaningless, but is related to how a nation responsible attitude to history and culture of their own major! our ancestors created the Yuan blue and white, why he died, said only foreign museums, our nation made no real thing, not fine it? Are the people is to use the Song Dynasty hold rice bowl dishes for vegetables, so that the Song Dynasty tea cup tea cup to drink? Is the Yuan Dynasty porcelain kiln firing only for foreigners? The market price has not yet formed, and why so now you have to be a channel dedicated to black children go? With the joint signatures of 50 experts, there are several equipment test results, you're also able to sell the bottle on how tens of millions, or billions, right? The story seems finished, but from another perspective, not any finished, because other people still alive because his mother's dying wish has not achieved, more importantly, he is already bound to the Chinese cultural identification, some authority, some kind of format, challenged certain unspoken rules. But in a While difficult to see the smoke, but full of suspense, full of the excitement of I only Shuqing Shi, NING Chao, Sirs, and other similar actors has expressed admiration for the patriotic enthusiasm, but they want to donate things for the authenticity, it can not afford to make irresponsible remarks. At the same time, I also respect those who respect science, believe in truth, holding integrity of the Chinese cultural gatekeepers Germany, for their rich traditional culture of the motherland and purity made a significant contribution. However sake of discussion, I do have doubts about: Why is no one agency has the ability to donate the two the authority to make convincing conclusions matter? case donated by the two old thing really is a block study ;, the heritage of the Accreditation System in China is a big mockery (this satire in the history of previous donations of old have been there more than once before), is eye study , how to assure the world it?
Awaken the common saying surreal. As Chinese relics experts continue to be a dazzling array of glasses smashing modern arts and crafts, a castration of the authority of the origin of the cultural lost market value, inevitably fall into a state of anarchy, many perverse, absurd bursts of events staged in the cultural circle.
hit the daughter of a super contribution for the rectification of names
NING Yuan blue and white are not isolated incidents, across the country almost every year a similar situation has occurred. as long as it comes to Yuan blue and white, Of course, this argument does not face to face, usually only by publishing articles or media interview, take a few relevant words.
between the two camps a few years ago if only the occasional , then after 2004, has developed into two camps against the group. In recent years, have sent Vice President of National Institute of Ancient Ceramics, Museum of Chinese History Research Fellow, China Institute of Cultural Relics Identification of members of the Committee of Experts know Li Yan, the former State Expert Appraisal Committee member Sun Xuehai, Ray from the cloud, Zhao Qingyun, Marvin W et al. (Fig. 67)
the In his speech during the meeting an astonishing burst of dramatic scenes: A private collector in talking about civil society does not recognize the existence of expert Yuan blue and white, the angry and raised his collection of one yuan a large blue and white cans, hard hit the concrete floor, that is to punched tiles, so that the presence of experts at the scene of the Yuan Dynasty blue and white porcelain glaze meets the basic features. It was reported that the body in the field of ancient ceramics researcher Lee Palace Banquet known expert on the broken tiles After the birth of soil identification exclaimed: title, the scene of this tragic passion coverage. the hit, but also deeply stimulating experts and collectors have been bad blood of the nerve, in his speech the next meeting, we unanimously to strongly criticized the Only 300 yuan over the world blue and white porcelain , and the number of cases in which the object identified by the experts agreed on the spot closed, the joint signature, issued by the certificate of authenticity.
The blue and white Yuan seminar on folk heritage lovers, is nothing short of a proud and inspiring swearing . Although many experts have dismissed after, regarded as Expert support from the not as expected, private collectors, as they expect, , credibility decline, coupled with the domestic stock market very active and took away most of the funds of individual investors, resulting in blue and white Yuan into the trough in the auction market at home and abroad, riding on a bench, even if there are high turnover of the auction Shuqing Shi, Li knows feast, Sun Xuehai and other well-known experts, also continues to Turkey and other countries invited expert to carry the Blue & White a few lines in the international community recognized the Yuan blue and white research. The first meeting of this kind in the study session, except to continue to seek well-known experts from the private collection with the meta-blue and white object to the public to promote.
before, journalists have accepted the invitation of the organizers of the meeting, did not take place due to physical reasons. After the collector, according to several friends about participating, although the meeting by the Shanghai Municipal Government in funding for support, but he is still time-consuming and costly and laborious, and ultimately nothing. Why? The reason is simple, insider, he thinks the move is to protect the homeland of the precious heritage of the feat can be an outsider, not only this meeting .. .
dedicated to Chu Li Wang. Li Wang command Yujiang identification. Yujiang saw said: ; wait Li Wang died, King Wu came to the throne, Bian, and again the stone dedicated to King Wu. King Wu letting Yujiang identification, Yu Jiang said: He, also ordered the amputation of his right foot; Later, King Wu died, King Wen came to the throne. So, Bian, and then holding the stone, even in the Chu foot next three days and nights crying, tears shed, the blood cried out. King Wen, after hearing this, sent to go check, asked him: I am not sad for the loss of his legs, but sad as was the gem stone, the faithful people in as a liar, this is the reason I'm sad ah! , and she received a priceless piece of jade, then named ancient, its reasoning is not difficult to understand their feelings, but to someone tell you: this thing is still frequently occur in humans began to walk the moon today, would you believe me?
2006 4 early morning, ground Beijing North Third Ring Road at the Great Bell Temple relics market bustling as usual, crowded. A white-haired old man on crutches in a young man, accompanied by the slow pace to browse the rows of a wide variety of stall.
old man went to a booth selling bronze stop pace, pointing with his stick on a bronze sword to spread. stall carefully picked up on the ground that the production of fine bronze sword, his hands respectfully delivery to the old man. It seems old man is also a frequent visitor here, the vendors of his movements are able to understand.
buyers generally see things like Seven Questions asked eight vendors to the mouth of condoms by asking the wind, from which to further judge The authenticity of the goods and the price level. But this little old man had never asked, took bronze sword in his hand a weigh weigh, and then the sword carefully looked for a few minutes mm over 50 cm long, dark brown, full of carved blade dark diamond pattern, showing a little green rust, the last eight gold inscriptions legible wrong: Sword of the Yue unearthed, the famous scholar, when he was president of the Chinese Academy of cracked Mr. Guo Moruo post.
inner excited old man though, but still voice asked quietly: come? said the words, The dollar bought in 1800 that the bronze sword.
home, the old man and a careful study on this sword was found at the bottom side of the sword inlaid with lapis lazuli, turquoise trimmed with the other side, the hilt Also engraved on the 12 concentric circles. He took a few newspapers Diego into several layers, and then showed the blade lightly program, a wad of paper being cut uniform, revealing neat incision. old man proudly on family said: full buy.
Yue Jian, the relics of the Warring States period. According to Evil, pure Jun, Zhanlu, guts, Juque .1965 year, had Jingzhou (Jiangling old) from Lookout Mountain of One unearthed a handful of the Warring States Chu for the first time. At that time the archaeological report: sword 55.7 cm long, width 4.6 cm, hilt wrapped in rope, sword embedded grid pattern of blue glass on both sides, the blade covered with diamond Obscure, edge thin and sharp, fine, gorgeous styling. above the inscription, Gou) from the role of Jian (sword) .
Two days later, Beijing, starting a tabloid in the cultural sector can be regarded as Yue sword. The old man, took only 1,800 dollars, bought back a priceless ; this text to use the sword Yue wrong payment process, unearthed in 1965 in Hubei, Hubei Provincial Museum is hidden in the sword that the text is not wrong Yue Jin, from this perspective that the value of the previous Yue a sword more! Kim called the wrong. Adjunct Professor of History Department of Nankai University and other duties, is recognized as the identification of contemporary Chinese art world is one of the top-level authority of the master. Some media even described Mr. Shi Lao: Big identification expert. a heritage to his hands, a look that will tell you, he was identified as a national treasure l David r! for himself three days later, he held a small home will appreciate, and publicly announced to sword donated to the National Museum. Then, the old man was admitted to the hospital due to illness.
people did not expect: History of the old hospital, the National Museum donated his David was returned to the news published by the media, the whole nation is in an uproar, to the light Xianghuo of both. former director of Hubei Provincial Museum, Conservation Technology Association of China vice chairman of Bank of China, Chen saw the sword in the picture , said: Seal Act inconsistent with the birds; hilt is very rough, diamond-shaped concentric circles with the sword body casting Obscure level is very low. Chen Bank of China that in recent years, both in Zhejiang and Hubei Jingzhou sword Goujian generic business, which sword is obviously false, it is estimated the market at least 500 or more now. including the current Provincial Museum curator Dr. Wang Hongxing, including, most heritage experts in Hubei Province in support of Mr Bank's view that the repurchase of Shuqing Shi Yue the sword is a fake.
this, the history of old always believe their own eyes, he said, his life has had several such experiences, some people bought cheap artifacts from the start is not promising for the experts, and even was rejected, but later time-tested, proven true. as he took the age of 15 cents bought two paintings authentic Feng Chia Chiu, and when I finished college to spend three to five dollars to buy the portrait of Genghis Khan, countries already donated, were the National Museum as a heritage collection. for Chen Bank of China, who did not see the sword of their own kind, only on a photo to determine the sword for the fake of argument, the history of the old is very angry He believes that every cultural worker, should hold the state and the nation responsible attitude, cherish the valuable heritage resources, every thing of value, not touched upon on the negative or positive, the conclusion to be scientific, to withstand the test of history. He also repeatedly told you that the sword of the casting, Qian Bao, wrong payment process, and identified it with the year they participate in Hubei that unearthed the Goujian sword, Zhejiang and Hubei Jingzhou imitation The sword Goujian repeated, mutatis mutandis, that can not be fake.
this matter, Ms. Shi Laode Miss Xia even have a grievances, she told reporters: countries, there is no profit-making ideas, so not worthwhile to fraud hh see an old woman selling the hands of jelly has a plate, took a look, is what the early Ming Dynasty, Guan ah, say to buy down, people want 5 dollars. They both get so much money not to scrape together the two one five, buy into an acquaintance at home continue to march, dedicated to take home after the end of the Forbidden City. It is smooth, there are many times people do not recognize the first not received, and later confessed collected, and finally became the national level cultural relics, is an example of Genghis Khan Yaopai started when someone sent Museum of History does not recognize, do not. then the history of old and let someone else to get it back, and now in the National Museum collection! The resolve to write a poem his depressed: Revenge of King Gou Jian the more wrong, the world of the rare, or someone thought it was fake goods, poetry to answer to. ratio, adding people to read a fraction of the total a bit sad. Whether this Ironically, that is a tragicomedy.
no one would have thought, the history of the old generation of this poem has now become the master of the must document the heritage for.
2007 年 11 月 7 am, Shuqing Shi old due to heart disease outbreak, permanently closed his pair was called dare to believe that it is well known, the history of Chinese art world is always the old generation, one of the few classes of highly educated, high experience, high contribution of the old one of the experts. his life Kam Po numerous, but never without possessing their own, bought artifacts donated to the state. Despite last donation before death failed, I believe that this life will not bear a grudge for the elderly Huodataiduo. Even so, read the old must document the history of poetry, the reporter or the heart can not help but sorrow and grief: if the sword is indeed the real thing, is not the state and the individual history of the old unfair? if the sword is fake, why not come up with some more scientific, more people can avoid the errors of human nature and identification to express the world what?
reporter noted: after the death of the elderly, there have been several museums and cultural sector counterparts on the The identification of well-known in his school's achievements not mentioned, the reporter on this quite a bit uneven, but also save a bit worried: had still unclear why the Kam people? people still unknown, why Kam matter?
dean of the contributions of a cultural way so difficult for ordinary people more difficult. The following artifacts to tell the story of the other donations, more people have mixed feelings.
who suffered a Xianbao
NING Chao, Australian Chinese, was born in Liaoning, grew up in Beijing. He was the 20th century, the former Soviet Union 60 years studying and learning of geological exploration, after graduation to catch up with the Cultural Revolution, was lost to Beijing to live instruction qualifications, thus living in Xinjiang region deep forests, where hiding, hunting, farming firewood read, and personally delivering their two children to the world, personally for the child survival remove a cow to have a Cesarean two sons. , NING Chao family moved to Australia, and obtain local citizenship, as overseas Chinese. (Fig. 64)
Today, NING heritage sector in China has become a super-celebrity, not because the legend of his own actions, but from him for almost two decades with the donation Po incident.
first saw NING Chao, Ping An Avenue, in the north of Beijing, a courtyard house is divided. courtyard is small but very clean, simple furnished house , in addition to the short opening set in the case of several long pieces of porcelain on a few, almost no something else. the owner was not tall, silver hair, although has over seventy years old, gray hair on the temples, but still hale and hearty, very talkative. Our subject of course, has created a hubbub in the cultural sector ancient ceramics, and accumulated a number of collections in the local claim to be a little known literary family. benevolent grandfather, a local temple several large donor.
presided over the temple to escape civil strife caused by foreign aggression hurried retreat, going home from the Temple, bearing in mind my grandfather over the years a large number of financial aid they will hidden in the temple for many years to two bottles of blue and white cloud dragons both hands like ears. That When China has no blue and white r l per the title, plus two bottles that are plainer and color, many people are taboo, fear of bad luck. But for the kind monks, grandfather can not refuse, in turn donated the monks of a pen travel expenses to return home, leaving the bottle, but did not put them home, but stay in the family shrine. Nevertheless, and both the blue and white bottle of the unique shape and decoration, or especially by my mother's favorite. When my mother married, because she's like, this big bottle of it as a dowry to accompany her was into my father's house.
they would only treat it as a general view of the Qing Dynasty blue and white porcelain, very smooth to run the exit procedures.
Yuan blue and white unprecedented reputation. my mother saw in the press, the British pair of Hob Johnson found with inscriptions like the Blue & White Vase Yunlong photos, to realize that their own possession of the 70 years that two young very valuable vase, it will discuss with me: Since it is a national treasure, can donate them to the National Palace Museum, also home to prove that our old Ning is patriotic. the whole family are in favor of the views of the old lady.
Ten years later, the old lady had the students would like to become a last wish, this object vase return from Australia to China, but so far still hold in my home, gave the Forbidden City, people do not! ? amplifier like this element of domestic and rare blue and white! people do not give reasons, only one declined to be expert in private that his name, said that two bottles of shape like ear-aliasing, blue and white Condition well hh the sensible, he wondering: this thing is true, can not just one or two people have the final say to you! So he tossing back and forth every few days, more widely identified aspects of the famous relics go home, so that they are close to the kind of views. home in Nanjing, the reporter saw a 50 archaeological and heritage of Chinese antiquities experts and scholars identified the signatures, the same as these two yuan blue and white vase given identified. in the signature experts, there are many aspects of the dean of cultural identification and the top level figures, such as: Deputy Director of National Heritage Commission to identify Shuqing Shi, Palace Museum, the famous ceramics appraiser Lee Ji Yan, Li Huibing and so on. (Fig. 65)
some say over NING a bad name is a good thing, really hard. Why? not why do people have outlaw, Ben procedures go, you want to grant a piece of land to play golf, even if illegal, the line ah, tomorrow for the grant on everything chant! you grant land to build kindergartens, homes for the elderly, I'm afraid to work with children's age until the last nursing home! course, this is a blind analogy with NING over it exists does not matter. We'd see the name What good ideas, but also Zeyang children toss.
traditional eye identification in order to find more reliable than solid evidence, NING over and bring his two bottles of blue and white elephant ears began his technology Identification of the trip. He went to the University of Wollongong, Australia Institute of Earth Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Modern Physics (Lee Laboratories), Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of nuclear analysis room, Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and other units, with their two bottles of blue and white elephant ears, a series of tests.
University of Wollongong, Australia, Institute of Earth Sciences, made of porcelain dating tests, the conclusion is: to determine which one is had made 800 years ago, and the other contains material not suitable because the TL tests without result; (Figure 66)
Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of test reports are objective data, a large tribute to : blue and white elephant ears Yunlong transparent glaze bottles of elemental calcium were significantly higher than the element potassium content, chemical composition consistent with the Yuan Dynasty blue and white transparent glaze; blue compound with trace elements arsenic, which, and the Yuan Dynasty blue and white usually imported cobalt porcelain, which is consistent with trace element arsenic; blue and white blue and white bottle, Yunlong elephant ears compound, the element manganese content was slightly lower than the content of elemental iron, blue and white compound may be using the imported and domestic mixture of the two cobalt (Blue and White did the late Yuan used a translation of element analysis of tire tests, the first conclusion is vague, after the lapse of 10 months, in line with their responsible attitude to science, through a series of meticulous experiments over again NING wrote that two conclusions bottle observations: Huaci to be high, but taking into account the experimental data reported in the literature too little, blue and white need to do further on the yuan more in-depth testing research. To this end, we and the Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute of Archaeology, Liu Yuan, who co-operation of Jingdezhen unearthed Yuan blue and white for a more systematic testing, the use of experimental methods and conditions the same as before, all samples were 32, are kiln porcelain pieces, including five of Ming Hongwu Qing flowers, to observe the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty and Ming porcelain process continuity. The results showed that a considerable number of samples, the AI2O3 content was similar to the above. copies of test reports are in this age of two bottles of elephant ears made more specific to add. In short: NING that two blue and white Super Yunlong is really like the Yuan Dynasty porcelain vase.
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of High Energy Physics, using non-destructive synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (SRXRF) on NING super collection of a pair of blue and white cloud dragons were tested as the vase, and with the Yuan Dynasty blue and white porcelain excavated from the site of chemical composition element contrast, the conclusion is: than the low zinc and iron. Then, he will notify the Palace experimental results, and in the or not, do not say why. NING Super heard only in privately told him: of porcelain of different laboratory tests are laboratory technicians, laboratory procedures are different, different instruments are selected, which may lead to a lot of errors, the result is not convincing. ; screw will say to respect science, which passed, you still do not admit it. It is not unreasonable to speak of it? too, fight it, NING quit altogether over all the work in Australia, in Beijing, bought a house stay , not to put on a pair of his blue and white elephant ears that two yuan to send bottles palace dogged posture.
heard this thing was privately wondering: What is the name rather than defective? element Ge Ming blue and white of the market price out there, a large blue and white Yuan jar to shoot two billion, which sold two large bottles for how much money you? even sell you a how have Chengsi generations! China's Yuan blue and white porcelain people want to get to sell abroad could not find the door, can not get out, you NING super booing, India from abroad to fight the fire to get back, people, White Lai to entanglement, which is sort of a kip singing opera? not fake!
no matter how people say, how to look, we have this head of black hair turned white hair, he almost became poor by the rich. He went to Britain, Turkey, and several more blue and white collection of the National Museum of dollars for physical inspection, visited the country all Yuanqing Flower of experts and scholars do have experience and use their existing expertise, ongoing testing and research a variety of data, and finally wrote the eloquent, millions of words long, weighing tens of kilograms of Yuan blue and white works and published, become the private collection of Yuan blue and white areas quite well known people. recently published , you can live another rich, comfortable life, to do so, Why? to the state. 300 pieces of porcelain, but also in abroad. unclear, said unknown thing, if you jump out of an existing role as the spectator think of, is choose to believe that the experts still believe the Forbidden City you do? hh but they are not gods, they go wrong! Palace bought the wrong artifacts, accept donations fake joke there? say, I am now beyond their differences with the matter itself is meaningless, but is related to how a nation responsible attitude to history and culture of their own major! our ancestors created the Yuan blue and white, why he died, said only foreign museums, our nation made no real thing, not fine it? Are the people is to use the Song Dynasty hold rice bowl dishes for vegetables, so that the Song Dynasty tea cup tea cup to drink? Is the Yuan Dynasty porcelain kiln firing only for foreigners? The market price has not yet formed, and why so now you have to be a channel dedicated to black children go? With the joint signatures of 50 experts, there are several equipment test results, you're also able to sell the bottle on how tens of millions, or billions, right? The story seems finished, but from another perspective, not any finished, because other people still alive because his mother's dying wish has not achieved, more importantly, he is already bound to the Chinese cultural identification, some authority, some kind of format, challenged certain unspoken rules. But in a While difficult to see the smoke, but full of suspense, full of the excitement of I only Shuqing Shi, NING Chao, Sirs, and other similar actors has expressed admiration for the patriotic enthusiasm, but they want to donate things for the authenticity, it can not afford to make irresponsible remarks. At the same time, I also respect those who respect science, believe in truth, holding integrity of the Chinese cultural gatekeepers Germany, for their rich traditional culture of the motherland and purity made a significant contribution. However sake of discussion, I do have doubts about: Why is no one agency has the ability to donate the two the authority to make convincing conclusions matter? case donated by the two old thing really is a block study ;, the heritage of the Accreditation System in China is a big mockery (this satire in the history of previous donations of old have been there more than once before), is eye study , how to assure the world it?
Awaken the common saying surreal. As Chinese relics experts continue to be a dazzling array of glasses smashing modern arts and crafts, a castration of the authority of the origin of the cultural lost market value, inevitably fall into a state of anarchy, many perverse, absurd bursts of events staged in the cultural circle.
hit the daughter of a super contribution for the rectification of names
NING Yuan blue and white are not isolated incidents, across the country almost every year a similar situation has occurred. as long as it comes to Yuan blue and white, Of course, this argument does not face to face, usually only by publishing articles or media interview, take a few relevant words.
between the two camps a few years ago if only the occasional , then after 2004, has developed into two camps against the group. In recent years, have sent Vice President of National Institute of Ancient Ceramics, Museum of Chinese History Research Fellow, China Institute of Cultural Relics Identification of members of the Committee of Experts know Li Yan, the former State Expert Appraisal Committee member Sun Xuehai, Ray from the cloud, Zhao Qingyun, Marvin W et al. (Fig. 67)
the In his speech during the meeting an astonishing burst of dramatic scenes: A private collector in talking about civil society does not recognize the existence of expert Yuan blue and white, the angry and raised his collection of one yuan a large blue and white cans, hard hit the concrete floor, that is to punched tiles, so that the presence of experts at the scene of the Yuan Dynasty blue and white porcelain glaze meets the basic features. It was reported that the body in the field of ancient ceramics researcher Lee Palace Banquet known expert on the broken tiles After the birth of soil identification exclaimed: title, the scene of this tragic passion coverage. the hit, but also deeply stimulating experts and collectors have been bad blood of the nerve, in his speech the next meeting, we unanimously to strongly criticized the Only 300 yuan over the world blue and white porcelain , and the number of cases in which the object identified by the experts agreed on the spot closed, the joint signature, issued by the certificate of authenticity.
The blue and white Yuan seminar on folk heritage lovers, is nothing short of a proud and inspiring swearing . Although many experts have dismissed after, regarded as Expert support from the not as expected, private collectors, as they expect, , credibility decline, coupled with the domestic stock market very active and took away most of the funds of individual investors, resulting in blue and white Yuan into the trough in the auction market at home and abroad, riding on a bench, even if there are high turnover of the auction Shuqing Shi, Li knows feast, Sun Xuehai and other well-known experts, also continues to Turkey and other countries invited expert to carry the Blue & White a few lines in the international community recognized the Yuan blue and white research. The first meeting of this kind in the study session, except to continue to seek well-known experts from the private collection with the meta-blue and white object to the public to promote.
before, journalists have accepted the invitation of the organizers of the meeting, did not take place due to physical reasons. After the collector, according to several friends about participating, although the meeting by the Shanghai Municipal Government in funding for support, but he is still time-consuming and costly and laborious, and ultimately nothing. Why? The reason is simple, insider, he thinks the move is to protect the homeland of the precious heritage of the feat can be an outsider, not only this meeting .. .
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Inadvertently flying lips
Yesterday, I was not sixteen years after the students, even a visit to my blog, he never thought the almost inseparable, we go our separate ways after graduation, no contact with, until yesterday.
see him messages for me, I am more excited, as if there is a natural power of healing in my heart for years to open a gap . white as snow fluttering past era, like falling in my heart, shed a piece of memory and nostalgia, the era that many students the story of true and scattered in front of us continue to tumble.
I can not wait to read his blog, his blog has just built soon, although not many articles, but still understand some of his situation, and almost sixteen years ago, very self-writing style, something very casual, looking at those words seemed so friendly . At that time, he is a smart chubby pier, not tall, I'm always on top of academic performance. He lost his father at an early age, body mass always get along with others people, afraid that others will suffer, along with his classmates will feel a affinity. Maybe I was attracted by this affinity, like with him, discuss, play, learning and so on. Although not in a dorm room, I was a frequent visitor to their quarters, four years of student life, the inevitable as long as the schools in together, together, there is another at the same time a good friend, taller than me higher, three of us stand together to become a ladder hh
a big crowd, even millions of blog in the blog, we meet again is God? I do not know. I only know that my friend is my time to society from the student a very important person. life is so? old friends were doomed to do nothing? helpless in their specific environment to survive it? selfish like me, friendship is no logic to speak of. I know, this life we meet and can happily through the section of the road, I can not keep the friendship, leaving sixteen year hiatus. is because I'm trying to write Like I can not overcome their own selfish as to make the most of life every day, in breathing, in the breathing, the attribution of immersion, attributed to self, attributed to trivial.
years of love, stay in the harbor to enjoy the temporary warmth warm, bitter and sweet way of life grew by nearly that he had shared with me, it is inevitable once the hard work and waiting. Perhaps each of us is a separate trees, but week in and week between two trees and plants and our common experience wind and rain together to enjoy the sun and rain, is a friend, my dear friend. lonely frustrated when he was my help, happy time when the pleasant experience of our common happiness. Those days we wantonly silly distraction, but also to enjoy the sweet warmth is our subconscious love of life and respect for life? I do not know. I only know of him, I am not lonely I am very happy, because they are.
please forgive me, my dear friend . because I forgot all of our details, I only felt good friends, I just think of your smile in my mind is so familiar. tell me your memories, only moved, only that with friendship, Qingnuan my life, in fact, met him, I feel naturally happy and up, I do not know why my lips inadvertently flying.
years is relentless, like quicksand drowned our past, but there is one thing retained for a long time, such as friendship, as well call it indescribable. until yesterday, looking back at how many there are that many sentimental touch. all is not over, everything has started, I do not know whether friends warm as it was before and I together, I do not know if he refuses to accept my way as before then that the golden years with the wake-up.
days may be gone quietly as before, we will meet again in the placid in continuation of , come and hurried away, is then able to seize the days and nights away one by one? are ordinary people, so will face many ordinary days, but even ordinary, is not the same ups and downs, not the same the plot, because the reunion, with the heart, are the ultimate in sharing his feelings are the ultimate in memory of, are the ultimate pleasure. memory of former days, the face of the present day, all the fun, I only know that I laughing, friends, ah, you know, I inadvertently flying lips, and that many of loneliness feeling, because I Chuaizhuo dream on the road, the sun around my eyes though, and you're still my navigation.
think of you again Bo Wen, friends, ah, nothing can be a sense of loss. I is not Li Bai, but I will drive across the secular art of jet boat takes you to a touch of sadness my heart, turned into a vision of tomorrow, or engraved in the window today sun.
see him messages for me, I am more excited, as if there is a natural power of healing in my heart for years to open a gap . white as snow fluttering past era, like falling in my heart, shed a piece of memory and nostalgia, the era that many students the story of true and scattered in front of us continue to tumble.
I can not wait to read his blog, his blog has just built soon, although not many articles, but still understand some of his situation, and almost sixteen years ago, very self-writing style, something very casual, looking at those words seemed so friendly . At that time, he is a smart chubby pier, not tall, I'm always on top of academic performance. He lost his father at an early age, body mass always get along with others people, afraid that others will suffer, along with his classmates will feel a affinity. Maybe I was attracted by this affinity, like with him, discuss, play, learning and so on. Although not in a dorm room, I was a frequent visitor to their quarters, four years of student life, the inevitable as long as the schools in together, together, there is another at the same time a good friend, taller than me higher, three of us stand together to become a ladder hh
a big crowd, even millions of blog in the blog, we meet again is God? I do not know. I only know that my friend is my time to society from the student a very important person. life is so? old friends were doomed to do nothing? helpless in their specific environment to survive it? selfish like me, friendship is no logic to speak of. I know, this life we meet and can happily through the section of the road, I can not keep the friendship, leaving sixteen year hiatus. is because I'm trying to write Like I can not overcome their own selfish as to make the most of life every day, in breathing, in the breathing, the attribution of immersion, attributed to self, attributed to trivial.
years of love, stay in the harbor to enjoy the temporary warmth warm, bitter and sweet way of life grew by nearly that he had shared with me, it is inevitable once the hard work and waiting. Perhaps each of us is a separate trees, but week in and week between two trees and plants and our common experience wind and rain together to enjoy the sun and rain, is a friend, my dear friend. lonely frustrated when he was my help, happy time when the pleasant experience of our common happiness. Those days we wantonly silly distraction, but also to enjoy the sweet warmth is our subconscious love of life and respect for life? I do not know. I only know of him, I am not lonely I am very happy, because they are.
please forgive me, my dear friend . because I forgot all of our details, I only felt good friends, I just think of your smile in my mind is so familiar. tell me your memories, only moved, only that with friendship, Qingnuan my life, in fact, met him, I feel naturally happy and up, I do not know why my lips inadvertently flying.
years is relentless, like quicksand drowned our past, but there is one thing retained for a long time, such as friendship, as well call it indescribable. until yesterday, looking back at how many there are that many sentimental touch. all is not over, everything has started, I do not know whether friends warm as it was before and I together, I do not know if he refuses to accept my way as before then that the golden years with the wake-up.
days may be gone quietly as before, we will meet again in the placid in continuation of , come and hurried away, is then able to seize the days and nights away one by one? are ordinary people, so will face many ordinary days, but even ordinary, is not the same ups and downs, not the same the plot, because the reunion, with the heart, are the ultimate in sharing his feelings are the ultimate in memory of, are the ultimate pleasure. memory of former days, the face of the present day, all the fun, I only know that I laughing, friends, ah, you know, I inadvertently flying lips, and that many of loneliness feeling, because I Chuaizhuo dream on the road, the sun around my eyes though, and you're still my navigation.
think of you again Bo Wen, friends, ah, nothing can be a sense of loss. I is not Li Bai, but I will drive across the secular art of jet boat takes you to a touch of sadness my heart, turned into a vision of tomorrow, or engraved in the window today sun.
Monday, February 21, 2011
Like - all the feelings of being
Some scattered fragments
some profound mistakes
also do not understand how the second act properly
how and who hand
that lonely little different ... ... I left lug did not say that life is still under
too excited, no I have thought and I can not feel sure
not want to lose is only willing to listen to you sometimes
a song sung in all personnel have been
scenery in the non-
my favorite pieces, some of your color
some fire never understand this second
soon how good and how you move it over
lonely little different
I did not say
left lug that life is still too excited, no I have thought to take
you know you have people, after all, loved and been
But give the silent has Qieqie
not think of all the happiness in the
I love you and I no longer feel lost
are sometimes reluctant to
only willing to listening to a song < br> In the longer view of all personnel in the
my favorite but I do not think you
but I do not think
and I no longer think
...
some profound mistakes
also do not understand how the second act properly
how and who hand
that lonely little different ... ... I left lug did not say that life is still under
too excited, no I have thought and I can not feel sure
not want to lose is only willing to listen to you sometimes
a song sung in all personnel have been
scenery in the non-
my favorite pieces, some of your color
some fire never understand this second
soon how good and how you move it over
lonely little different
I did not say
left lug that life is still too excited, no I have thought to take
you know you have people, after all, loved and been
But give the silent has Qieqie
not think of all the happiness in the
I love you and I no longer feel lost
are sometimes reluctant to
only willing to listening to a song < br> In the longer view of all personnel in the
my favorite but I do not think you
but I do not think
and I no longer think
...
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Do not people make suggestions for the Urban Landscape with three carved Riverside
Do not people with ideas for the urban construction, ; I do on behalf of staff members Some construction cities introduced foreign advanced experiences in the hope of reference for delegates and members.
Chen Mingyue to reporters sent a long e-mail, he thinks now part of Riverside with scenery built Renqibuwang because artificial marks too, built too Artificial Park acres of the first and second Riverside Park has been completed. However, he found, in addition to some of the recent popular carnival rides, the even is free and open parks, visitors are also minimal. why, Chen Mingyue through observation, that is the Riverside Park natural wetlands can not exploit the advantages, is a the United States lost the ups and downs, the water lost meandering the United States, Green lost the barren beauty.
suggested that demonstrate the construction of three natural wetlands should pay attention to the features. He has a more mature set of recommendations by the idea of mm
shallows and near the river conditions over the water network, a large number of planting reeds, grass and other marsh turnip plants, the formation of continuous dozens of beaches and into a piece of reed reed marshes;
stocked with a large water plant hibiscus, reproduction, Hong Pucao and other emergent plants, the water, water lily, brandy bottle, and other floating plants, water, black algae, submerged plants such as Ceratophyllum;
some light at the beach can be built on floating islands or ecological islands, on which sand for planting grass, kept grass, day lilies, three Pennisetum, water bamboo, canna, purslane and dozens of plants. and so on. Chenming Yue said, in short, to minimize the artificial marks, full laissez-faire variety of native plants
Chen Mingyue to reporters sent a long e-mail, he thinks now part of Riverside with scenery built Renqibuwang because artificial marks too, built too Artificial Park acres of the first and second Riverside Park has been completed. However, he found, in addition to some of the recent popular carnival rides, the even is free and open parks, visitors are also minimal. why, Chen Mingyue through observation, that is the Riverside Park natural wetlands can not exploit the advantages, is a the United States lost the ups and downs, the water lost meandering the United States, Green lost the barren beauty.
suggested that demonstrate the construction of three natural wetlands should pay attention to the features. He has a more mature set of recommendations by the idea of mm
shallows and near the river conditions over the water network, a large number of planting reeds, grass and other marsh turnip plants, the formation of continuous dozens of beaches and into a piece of reed reed marshes;
stocked with a large water plant hibiscus, reproduction, Hong Pucao and other emergent plants, the water, water lily, brandy bottle, and other floating plants, water, black algae, submerged plants such as Ceratophyllum;
some light at the beach can be built on floating islands or ecological islands, on which sand for planting grass, kept grass, day lilies, three Pennisetum, water bamboo, canna, purslane and dozens of plants. and so on. Chenming Yue said, in short, to minimize the artificial marks, full laissez-faire variety of native plants
Thursday, February 17, 2011
Anxious feelings
The emotion of loss if not met
Xuxin Xu also never lost
I am afraid that if we really missed was a charming place far wrong
all of us are temptation is not the temptation in the beautiful
is the temptation to look at the legend
a QQ would be sufficient to allow the heart
hurricane swept the sea in the barren land
deeper knowledge of landscape < br> an emotional talk to would be sufficient to haggard
a weak heart
every glance Autumn Ripples
whether I will wait for them to tearful
otherwise why have you always forget
feelings linger in the doorway in the distance on the road alone
wandering if I have what you collected
otherwise decorated smile always my dream to stay beautiful fantasy
whether we destined
only source of water is difficult to meet the end of
whether we missed the meet just hard to pull across the real estate broker
melancholy occupy Cunduan
enterohepatic
Liuniansishui Shaohua often this time of sorrow
< br> It is for love
only to quietly hide in the open escape
the network is immune to the share of the affair quietly
love
not want not not to love is a love
Pa Zhipa
injury
Xuxin Xu also never lost
I am afraid that if we really missed was a charming place far wrong
all of us are temptation is not the temptation in the beautiful
is the temptation to look at the legend
a QQ would be sufficient to allow the heart
hurricane swept the sea in the barren land
deeper knowledge of landscape < br> an emotional talk to would be sufficient to haggard
a weak heart
every glance Autumn Ripples
whether I will wait for them to tearful
otherwise why have you always forget
feelings linger in the doorway in the distance on the road alone
wandering if I have what you collected
otherwise decorated smile always my dream to stay beautiful fantasy
whether we destined
only source of water is difficult to meet the end of
whether we missed the meet just hard to pull across the real estate broker
melancholy occupy Cunduan
enterohepatic
Liuniansishui Shaohua often this time of sorrow
< br> It is for love
only to quietly hide in the open escape
the network is immune to the share of the affair quietly
love
not want not not to love is a love
Pa Zhipa
injury
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Sloan has been with a team victory in the history of thousands of players will only make a record
Sloan is the NBA history to lead a team to win only one more victory in the 1000 field coach, he led his unit in the Nov. 7 victory over the Thunder when to do this. His other victory was achieved in 1979-1982 with the Bulls.
when coach Jerry Sloan during the Jazz, coach change Union 245, Los Angeles Clippers have a team 13 times, there are five teams began teaching at the Sloan simply does not even exist when the (summer Charlotte Bobcats, Memphis Grizzlies, Toronto Raptors, Orlando Magic and Minnesota Timberwolves.)
Sloan victory in NBA history, ranks third sessions (1221 wins), second only to Don Nelson (1335 wins) and Lenny Wilkens (1332 wins). Sloan is also the 15th consecutive season, winning three over half of one coach, the other two are Phil Jackson and Pat Riley. In 2009, Sloan was selected to coach as Smith Ness Hall of Fame.
Sloan bull in effect when the player when the 755 games in 11 seasons, averaging 14.0 points and 7.5 rebounds, 2.5 assists and 2.2 steals, two-time All-Star (1967, 1969), six time All-Defensive Team, he is the only NBA history on the career rebounding 7, steals than 2 players. (Source: Oriental Sports Daily)
when coach Jerry Sloan during the Jazz, coach change Union 245, Los Angeles Clippers have a team 13 times, there are five teams began teaching at the Sloan simply does not even exist when the (summer Charlotte Bobcats, Memphis Grizzlies, Toronto Raptors, Orlando Magic and Minnesota Timberwolves.)
Sloan victory in NBA history, ranks third sessions (1221 wins), second only to Don Nelson (1335 wins) and Lenny Wilkens (1332 wins). Sloan is also the 15th consecutive season, winning three over half of one coach, the other two are Phil Jackson and Pat Riley. In 2009, Sloan was selected to coach as Smith Ness Hall of Fame.
Sloan bull in effect when the player when the 755 games in 11 seasons, averaging 14.0 points and 7.5 rebounds, 2.5 assists and 2.2 steals, two-time All-Star (1967, 1969), six time All-Defensive Team, he is the only NBA history on the career rebounding 7, steals than 2 players. (Source: Oriental Sports Daily)
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